Approximately half of the elements with A>70 are produced via rapid neutron capture, the r-process. I review the observational evidence for decoupling of the heavy r-process elements from Fe and for chemical enrichments in binaries. I then describe how accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of a white dwarf into a neutron star can account for these observations. The implications of the AIC scenario for neutron star and pulsar statistics are also discussed.